Table of Contents

 

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

 

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

x      QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2018

 

OR

 

o         TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the transition period from                 to                

 

Commission File Number: 001-35518

 

SUPERNUS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Delaware

 

20-2590184

(State or other jurisdiction of

 

(I.R.S. Employer

incorporation or organization)

 

Identification No.)

 

1550 East Gude Drive, Rockville, MD

 

20850

(Address of principal executive offices)

 

(Zip Code)

 

(301) 838-2500

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  x Yes  o No

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  x Yes  o No

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer x

 

Accelerated filer o

 

 

 

Non-accelerated filer o

 

Smaller reporting company o

 

 

 

(Do not check if a Smaller reporting company)

 

Emerging growth company o

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  o Yes  x No

 

The number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, as of the close of business on August 3, 2018 was 52,214,334.

 

 

 


 


Table of Contents

 

SUPERNUS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

FORM 10-Q — QUARTERLY REPORT

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED JUNE 30, 2018

 

 

 

Page No.

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

 

 

Item 1. Financial Statements

 

 

 

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2018 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2017

 

3

 

Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 (Unaudited)

 

4

 

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Earnings for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 (Unaudited)

 

5

 

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 (Unaudited)

 

6

 

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

 

7

 

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 

25

 

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

 

37

 

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

 

37

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

 

 

 

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

 

38

 

Item 1A. Risk Factors

 

38

 

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

 

38

 

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

 

39

 

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

 

39

 

Item 5. Other Information

 

39

 

Item 6. Exhibits

 

39

SIGNATURES

 

41

 

 

 

 

 

2



Table of Contents

 

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share amounts)

 

 

 

June 30,
2018

 

December 31,
2017

 

 

 

(unaudited)

 

 

 

Assets

 

 

 

 

 

Current assets

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

$

35,205

 

$

100,304

 

Marketable securities

 

139,208

 

39,736

 

Accounts receivable, net

 

74,842

 

65,586

 

Inventories, net

 

20,680

 

16,304

 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

 

14,581

 

6,521

 

Total current assets

 

284,516

 

228,451

 

Long term marketable securities

 

503,312

 

133,638

 

Property and equipment, net

 

4,897

 

5,124

 

Intangible assets, net

 

33,794

 

36,019

 

Other non-current assets

 

752

 

389

 

Deferred income taxes

 

25,528

 

20,843

 

Total assets

 

$

852,799

 

$

424,464

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity

 

 

 

 

 

Current liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

Accounts payable

 

$

2,943

 

$

6,844

 

Accrued sales deductions

 

70,044

 

68,343

 

Accrued expenses

 

29,288

 

27,305

 

Income taxes payable

 

 

15,938

 

Non-recourse liability related to sale of future royalties, current portion

 

1,659

 

4,283

 

Deferred licensing revenue

 

 

287

 

Total current liabilities

 

103,934

 

123,000

 

Deferred licensing revenue, net of current portion

 

 

1,149

 

Convertible notes, net

 

321,920

 

 

Non-recourse liability related to sale of future royalties, long term

 

23,867

 

22,258

 

Other non-current liabilities

 

12,586

 

10,577

 

Total liabilities

 

462,307

 

156,984

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Stockholders’ equity

 

 

 

 

 

Common stock, $0.001 par value, 130,000,000 shares authorized at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017; 52,179,334 and 51,314,850 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively

 

52

 

51

 

Additional paid-in capital

 

361,971

 

294,999

 

Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax

 

(4,119

)

(747

)

Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)

 

32,588

 

(26,823

)

Total stockholders’ equity

 

390,492

 

267,480

 

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

 

$

852,799

 

$

424,464

 

 

See accompanying notes.

 

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Table of Contents

 

Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Earnings

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

 

 

 

Three Months ended June 30,

 

Six Months ended June 30,

 

 

 

2018

 

2017

 

2018

 

2017

 

 

 

(unaudited)

 

(unaudited)

 

Revenue

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net product sales

 

$

97,030

 

$

73,328

 

$

186,150

 

$

129,697

 

Royalty revenue

 

1,758

 

1,179

 

3,067

 

2,328

 

Licensing revenue

 

750

 

1,322

 

750

 

1,380

 

Total revenue

 

99,538

 

75,829

 

189,967

 

133,405

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Costs and expenses

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cost of product sales

 

3,683

 

3,861

 

6,961

 

6,809

 

Research and development

 

20,038

 

10,823

 

38,946

 

20,425

 

Selling, general and administrative

 

40,097

 

35,078

 

76,946

 

63,316

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total costs and expenses

 

63,818

 

49,762

 

122,853

 

90,550

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Operating earnings

 

35,720

 

26,067

 

67,114

 

42,855

 

Other income (expense)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest income

 

3,664

 

656

 

4,870

 

1,187

 

Interest expense

 

(4,324

)

(58

)

(5,041

)

(147

)

Interest expense-nonrecourse liability related to sale of future royalties

 

(1,204

)

(160

)

(1,905

)

(1,119

)

Changes in fair value of derivative liabilities

 

 

23

 

 

76

 

Loss on extinguishment of debt

 

 

(103

)

 

(204

)

Total other income (expense)

 

(1,864

)

358

 

(2,076

)

(207

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Earnings before income taxes

 

33,856

 

26,425

 

65,038

 

42,648

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Income tax expense

 

3,119

 

9,057

 

7,949

 

14,983

 

Net earnings

 

$

30,737

 

$

17,368

 

$

57,089

 

$

27,665

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Earnings per share:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

$

0.59

 

$

0.34

 

$

1.10

 

$

0.55

 

Diluted

 

$

0.57

 

$

0.32

 

$

1.06

 

$

0.52

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

51,919,894

 

50,530,968

 

51,729,243

 

50,345,830

 

Diluted

 

54,203,308

 

53,223,714

 

54,021,941

 

53,026,323

 

 

See accompanying notes.

 

4



Table of Contents

 

Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Earnings

(in thousands)

 

 

 

Three Months ended June 30,

 

Six Months ended June 30,

 

 

 

2018

 

2017

 

2018

 

2017

 

 

 

(unaudited)

 

(unaudited)

 

Net earnings

 

$

30,737

 

$

17,368

 

$

57,089

 

$

27,665

 

Other comprehensive earnings (loss):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Unrealized (loss) gain on marketable securities, net of tax

 

(1,828

)

184

 

(3,372

)

350

 

Other comprehensive earnings (loss)

 

(1,828

)

184

 

(3,372

)

350

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Comprehensive earnings

 

$

28,909

 

$

17,552

 

$

53,717

 

$

28,015

 

 

See accompanying notes.

 

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Table of Contents

 

Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

 

 

 

Six Months ended June 30,

 

 

 

2018

 

2017

 

 

 

(unaudited)

 

Cash flows from operating activities

 

 

 

 

 

Net earnings

 

$

57,089

 

$

27,665

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities:

 

 

 

 

 

Loss on extinguishment of debt

 

 

204

 

Change in fair value of derivative liability

 

 

(76

)

Depreciation and amortization

 

3,487

 

2,084

 

Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discount

 

4,307

 

50

 

Amortization of premium/discount on marketable securities

 

(1,835

)

(327

)

Non-cash interest expense on non-recourse liability related to sale of future royalties

 

1,905

 

1,119

 

Non-cash royalty revenue

 

(2,780

)

(2,328

)

Share-based compensation expense

 

5,703

 

4,087

 

Deferred income tax provision (benefit)

 

(395

)

11,672

 

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

Accounts receivable

 

(7,776

)

(9,630

)

Inventories

 

(4,376

)

178

 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

 

(8,060

)

(1,791

)

Other non-current assets

 

(342

)

 

Accounts payable

 

(3,838

)

50

 

Accrued sales deductions

 

1,701

 

5,678

 

Accrued expenses

 

2,964

 

(1,283

)

Income taxes payable

 

(15,938

)

1,601

 

Deferred licensing revenue

 

 

(130

)

Other non-current liabilities

 

1,873

 

477

 

Net cash provided by operating activities

 

33,689

 

39,300

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash flows from investing activities

 

 

 

 

 

Purchases of marketable securities

 

(491,655

)

(48,468

)

Sales and maturities of marketable securities

 

19,466

 

12,419

 

Purchases of property, plant and equipment

 

(557

)

(852

)

Deferred legal fees

 

(401

)

(9,224

)

Net cash used in investing activities

 

(473,147

)

(46,125

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash flows from financing activities

 

 

 

 

 

Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes

 

402,500

 

 

Convertible notes issuance financing costs

 

(10,435

)

 

Proceeds from issuance of warrants

 

65,688

 

 

Purchases of convertible note hedges

 

(92,897

)

 

Proceeds from issuance of common stock

 

9,503

 

2,164

 

Net cash provided by financing activities

 

374,359

 

2,164

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net change in cash and cash equivalents

 

(65,099

)

(4,661

)

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

 

100,304

 

66,398

 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

 

$

35,205

 

$

61,737

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Supplemental cash flow information:

 

 

 

 

 

Cash paid for interest

 

$

 

$

134

 

Income taxes paid

 

$

29,279

 

$

1,710

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Non-cash financial activity:

 

 

 

 

 

Conversion of convertible notes and interest make-whole

 

$

 

$

2,984

 

Deferred legal fees included in accounts payable and accrued expenses

 

$

480

 

$

1,884

 

 

See accompanying notes.

 

6



Table of Contents

 

Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Six Months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017

(unaudited)

 

1.  Organization and Business

 

Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the Company) was incorporated in Delaware and commenced operations in 2005. The Company is a specialty pharmaceutical company focused on developing and commercializing products for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. The Company markets two products, Oxtellar XR for the treatment of epilepsy and Trokendi XR for the prophylaxis of migraine headache and treatment of epilepsy. The Company has several proprietary product candidates in clinical development that address the psychiatry market.

 

The Company launched Oxtellar XR and Trokendi XR in 2013 for the treatment of epilepsy and launched Trokendi XR for the prophylaxis of migraine headache in adolescents and adults in April 2017.

 

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 

Basis of Presentation

 

The Company’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Supernus Europe Ltd., collectively referred to herein as “Supernus” or “the Company.” All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company’s unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for interim financial information.

 

As permitted under Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States (U.S. GAAP), certain notes and other information have been omitted from the interim unaudited consolidated financial statements presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Therefore, these financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, filed with the SEC.

 

In the opinion of management, the consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments necessary to fairly present the Company’s financial position, results of earnings, and cash flows for the periods presented. These adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. The Company, which is primarily located in the United States (U.S.), operates in one operating segment.

 

The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the Company’s future financial results.

 

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, as well as related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ materially from the Company’s estimates. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, the Company’s financial condition or operating results will be affected. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience or on various forecasts, including information received from its service providers and other assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable under the circumstances. The Company evaluates the methodology employed in its estimates on an ongoing basis.

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

The Company considers all investments in highly liquid financial instruments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

 

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Table of Contents

 

Marketable Securities

 

Marketable securities consist of investments in U.S. Treasury bills and notes, certificates of deposit, various U.S. governmental agency debt securities, corporate and municipal bonds and other fixed income securities. The Company places all investments with government, industrial or financial institutions whose debt is rated as investment grade. The Company classifies all available-for-sale marketable securities with maturities greater than one year from the balance sheet date as non-current assets.

 

The Company’s investments are classified as available-for-sale and are carried at estimated fair value. Except for changes in fair value of equity securities which are recognized through net income, any unrealized holding gains or losses are reported, net of any reported tax effects, as accumulated other comprehensive earnings (loss), which is a separate component of stockholders’ equity.

 

Realized gains and losses, and declines in value judged to be other-than-temporary, if any, are included in consolidated results of operations. A decline in the market value of any available-for-sale security below cost that is deemed to be other-than-temporary results in a reduction in fair value, with that reduction charged to earnings in that period. A new cost basis for the security is then established. Dividend and interest income is recognized when earned. The cost of securities sold is calculated using the specific identification method.

 

Concentration of Credit Risk

 

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable and marketable securities. The counterparties are various corporations and financial institutions of high credit standing, as described above.

 

Substantially all of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents are maintained in U.S. government agency debt and debt of well-known, investment grade, corporations. Deposits held with banks may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. Generally, these deposits may be redeemed upon demand and, therefore, management believes they bear minimal default risk.

 

The majority of our product sales are to wholesalers and distributors who, in turn sell the products to pharmacies, hospitals, and other customers.  Three wholesale pharmaceutical distributors collectively accounted for more than 90% of our total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2018.

 

Inventories

 

Inventories, which are recorded at the lower of cost or market, include materials, labor, and other direct and indirect costs and are valued using the first-in, first-out method. The Company capitalizes inventories produced in preparation for commercial launches when it becomes probable that the related product candidates will receive regulatory approval and that the related costs will be recoverable through the commercial sale of the product.

 

Intangible Assets

 

Intangible assets consist of patent defense costs, which are deferred legal fees that have been incurred in connection with legal proceedings related to the defense of patents for Oxtellar XR and Trokendi XR. Patent defense costs will be charged to expense in the event of an unsuccessful outcome of the ongoing litigation. Patents are carried at cost less accumulated amortization, which is calculated on a straight line basis over the estimated useful lives of the patents. Amortization commences in the quarter after the costs are incurred. The amortization period is based initially upon the remaining patent life and is adjusted, if necessary, for any subsequent settlements or other changes to the expected useful life of the patent. The carrying value of the patents is assessed for impairment annually during the fourth quarter of each year, or more frequently if impairment indicators exist.

 

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

 

Long-lived assets consist primarily of property and equipment and patent defense costs. The Company assesses the recoverability of its long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If indications of impairment exist, projected future undiscounted cash flows associated with the asset are compared to the carrying value to determine whether the asset’s value is recoverable. Evaluating for impairment requires judgment, including the estimation of future cash flows, future growth rates and profitability, and the expected life over which cash flows will occur. Changes in the Company’s business strategy or adverse changes in market conditions could impact impairment analyses and require the recognition of an impairment charge equal to the excess of the carrying value of the long-lived asset over its estimated fair value.

 

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Table of Contents

 

Deferred Financing Costs

 

Deferred financing costs consist of costs incurred by the Company in connection with the closing of the Company’s sale of $402.5 million of 0.625% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023 (the 2023 Notes) (see Note 8). The Company amortizes deferred financing costs over the term of the related debt using the effective interest method. When extinguishing debt, the related deferred financing costs are written off.

 

Preclinical Study and Clinical Trial Accruals

 

The Company estimates preclinical study and clinical trial expenses based on the services performed pursuant to contracts with research institutions, clinical investigators, clinical research organizations (CROs) and other service providers that conduct activities on its behalf. In recording service fees, the Company estimates the time period over which the related services will be performed and compares the level of effort expended through the end of each period to the cumulative expenses recorded and payments made for such services. As appropriate, the Company accrues additional service fees or defers any non-refundable advance payments until the related services are performed. If the actual timing of the performance of services or the level of effort varies from the estimate, the Company will adjust its accrued expenses or deferred advance payments accordingly. If the Company later determines that it no longer expects the services associated with a nonrefundable advance payment to be rendered, the remaining portion of that advance payment will be charged to expense in the period in which such determination is made.

 

Revenue Recognition

 

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued a comprehensive new standard, Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” and its related amendments, which amended revenue recognition principles. The Company adopted the new standard on January 1, 2018. While results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under the new guidance, prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for the prior period. The accounting policy for revenue recognition for periods prior to January 1, 2018 is described in Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

 

 

 

Three Months ended June 30,

 

 

 

2018

 

2017

 

 

 

(unaudited)

 

(unaudited)

 

Net Product Sales:

 

 

 

 

 

Trokendi XR

 

$

76,474

 

$

55,989

 

Oxtellar XR

 

20,556

 

17,339

 

Total Net Product Sales

 

97,030

 

73,328

 

Royalty Revenues

 

1,758

 

1,179

 

Licensing Revenue

 

750

 

1,322

 

Total Revenues

 

$

99,538

 

$

75,829

 

 

 

 

Six Months ended June 30,

 

 

 

2018

 

2017

 

 

 

(unaudited)

 

(unaudited)

 

Net Product Sales:

 

 

 

 

 

Trokendi XR

 

$

147,029

 

$

97,998

 

Oxtellar XR

 

39,121

 

31,699

 

Total Net Product Sales

 

186,150

 

129,697

 

Royalty Revenues

 

3,067

 

2,328

 

Licensing Revenue

 

750

 

1,380

 

Total Revenues

 

$

189,967

 

$

133,405

 

 

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Table of Contents

 

Revenue from Product Sales

 

Revenue from product sales is recognized when control of the Company’s products is transferred to the customer, which consists of wholesalers and pharmaceutical distributors. Product sales are recorded net of various forms of variable consideration, including estimated rebates paid to managed care plans, chargebacks, allowances, discounts, patient co-pay assistance and other deductions as well as estimated product returns (collectively, “sales deductions”). Variability in the transaction price for its products pursuant to its contracts with customers primarily arises from these amounts. Significant judgment is required in estimating sales deductions, considering historical experience, current contract prices under applicable programs, unbilled claims, processing time lags and inventory levels in the distribution channel. If actual results in the future vary from its estimates, the Company adjusts these estimates, which would affect net product sales and earnings in the period such variances become known.

 

The Company’s products are distributed through wholesalers and pharmaceutical distributors. Each of these wholesalers and distributors takes control of the product, including title and ownership to the product, upon physical receipt of the product and then distributes the Company’s products to pharmacies.

 

Sales Deductions

 

Allowances for estimated sales deductions are provided for the following:

 

·                  Rebates:  Rebates include mandated discounts under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program, the Medicare coverage gap program, as well as negotiated discounts with commercial healthcare providers. Rebates are amounts owed after the final dispensing of product to a benefit plan participant has occurred and are based upon contractual agreements or legal requirements with the public sector (e.g., Medicaid) and with private sector benefit providers (e.g., commercial managed care providers). The allowance for rebates is based on statutory and contractual discount rates and expected claimed rebates based on a plan provider’s utilization.

 

Rebates are generally invoiced and paid quarterly in arrears so that the accrual balance consists of an estimate of the amount expected to be incurred for the current quarter’s activity, plus an accrual balance for known or estimated prior quarters’ unpaid rebates. If actual rebates vary from estimates, the Company may need to adjust the balances of such rebates to reflect its actual expenditures with respect to these programs, which would affect net product sales and earnings in the period of adjustment. Allowances for estimated rebates are recorded as current liabilities in Accrued Sales Deductions.

 

·                  Co-pay assistance:  Patients who pay in cash or have commercial healthcare insurance and meet certain eligibility requirements may receive co-pay assistance from the Company. The intent of this program is to reduce the patient’s out of pocket costs when filling a prescription. Liabilities for co-pay assistance are based on actual program participation as well as estimates of program activity using data provided by third-party administrators. Allowances for estimated co-pay are recorded as current liabilities in Accrued Sales Deductions.

 

·                  Distributor/wholesaler deductions and discounts:  U.S. specialty distributors and wholesalers are offered various forms of consideration including allowances, service fees and prompt payment discounts as consideration for distributing our products. Distributor allowances and service fees arise from contractual agreements with distributors and are generally a percentage of the price at which the Company sells product to distributors and wholesalers. Wholesale customers are offered a prompt pay discount for payment within a specified period. Allowances for estimated discounts are recorded as a deduction in Accounts Receivable, net, which is recorded under current assets.

 

·                  Returns:  Sales of the Company’s products are not subject to a general right of return; however, the Company will accept the return of product that is damaged or defective when shipped directly from our warehouse. The Company will also accept expired product six months prior to and up to 12 months subsequent to its expiry date. Product that has been used to fill patient prescriptions is no longer subject to any right of return. Returned product (i.e., damaged, defective or expired) cannot be re-sold, therefore a right of return asset is not recorded. Allowances for estimated returns are recorded as current liabilities in Accrued Sales Deductions.

 

·                  Chargebacks:  Chargebacks are discounts that occur when contracted customers purchase directly from an intermediary distributor or wholesaler. Contracted customers, which currently consist primarily of Public Health Service institutions and federal government entities purchasing via the Federal Supply Schedule, generally purchase the Company’s products at a discounted price. The distributor or wholesaler, in turn, charges back the difference between the price initially paid by the distributor or wholesaler and the discounted price paid to the distributor or wholesaler by the customer. The allowance for distributor/wholesaler chargebacks is based on sales to contracted customers. Allowances for estimated chargebacks are recorded as current liabilities in Accrued Sales Deductions.

 

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Customer orders are generally fulfilled within a few days of receipt, resulting in minimal order backlog. Open purchase orders for products from customers are expected to be fulfilled within the next twelve months. There are no minimum product purchase requirements.

 

Incremental costs of obtaining a contract include only those costs that the Company would not have incurred if the contract had not been obtained, for example sales commissions. Costs of obtaining a contract that are incremental and recoverable are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected customer relationship period. As a practical expedient, the Company expenses costs to obtain a contract as incurred if the expected amortization period of the asset would have been a year or less or if the amount is immaterial. These costs are recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of earnings. Costs to fulfill a contract are expensed as incurred and recorded in cost of product sales in the consolidated statement of earnings.

 

As of June 30, 2018, the Company had not capitalized any costs of obtaining any of its contracts and had not incurred any costs to fulfill any contracts.

 

License Revenue

 

License and Collaboration Agreements

 

The Company has entered into collaboration agreements to commercialize both Oxtellar XR and Trokendi XR outside of the United States which involve the right to use the Company’s intellectual property as a functional license. These agreements generally include an up-front license fee and ongoing milestone payments upon the achievement of specific events. These agreements may also require minimum royalty payments based on sales of products developed from the applicable intellectual property.

 

Up-front license fees are recognized once the license has been delivered to the customer.

 

Milestones are a form of variable consideration that are recognized when either the underlying events have been achieved (event-based milestone) or the sales-based targets have been met by the collaborative partner (sales-based milestone). Both types of milestone payments are non-refundable. The Company evaluates whether achieving the milestones is considered probable and estimates the amount to be included in the transaction price using the most likely amount method. This can involve management’s judgment that includes assessing factors that are outside of the Company’s influence, such as: likelihood of regulatory success; availability of third party information; and expected duration of time until achievement of event. These factors will be evaluated based on the specific facts and circumstances. If it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur, the value of the associated milestone is included in the transaction price.

 

Event-based milestones are recognized in the period that the related event, such as regulatory approval, occurs. Sales-based milestones are recognized as revenue when the sales target is achieved. Milestone payments that are not within the control of the Company, such as approval from regulatory authorities or where attainment of the specified event is dependent on the development activities of a third-party, are not considered probable of being achieved until the specified event occurs. Revenue is recognized from the satisfaction of performance obligations in the amount billable to the customer.

 

The Company recorded $750,000 of milestone revenue for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and $1.3 million of milestone revenue for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively. Revenue associated with future milestones will be recognized when the related event occurs or sales-based target is achieved. There are no guaranteed minimum amounts owed to the Company related to license and collaboration agreements.

 

Royalty Revenue

 

The Company recognizes non-cash royalty revenue for royalty amounts earned pursuant to a royalty agreement with United Therapeutics that involves the right to use the Company’s intellectual property as a functional license. In 2014, the Company sold certain of these royalty rights to Healthcare Royalty Partners III, L.P. (HC Royalty) (see Note 14). Accordingly, the Company records non-cash royalty revenue based on estimated sales by United Therapeutics that result in payments made from United Therapeutics to HC Royalty in connection with these agreements.

 

Royalty revenue also includes royalty amounts received from collaboration partners, including from Shire Plc (Shire) based on net product sales of Shire’s product, Mydayis. Royalty revenue is only recognized when the underlying sale occurs. The Shire arrangement also involves the right to use the Company’s intellectual property as a functional license and royalty revenue is recognized based on estimated net product sales by Shire in the current period.

 

There are no guaranteed minimum amounts owed to the Company related to royalty revenue agreements.

 

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For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, revenue recognized from performance obligations related to prior periods (for example, due to changes in transaction price) was not material in the aggregate for Net Product Sales, License Revenue and Royalty Revenue.

 

Accounts Receivable, net

 

Accounts receivable are reported on the consolidated balance sheets at outstanding amounts due from customers, less an allowance for doubtful accounts and discounts. The Company extends credit without requiring collateral. The Company writes off uncollectible receivables when the likelihood of collection is remote. The Company evaluates the collectability of accounts receivable on a regular basis. An allowance, when needed, is based upon various factors including the financial condition and payment history of customers, an overall review of collections experience on other accounts, and economic factors or events expected to affect future collections experience. All arrangements are payable no later than one year after the transfer of the product. The Company does not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component if the expectation at contract inception is such that the period between the transfer of the promised good to the customer and receipt of payment will be one year or less. There are no significant financing components.

 

The Company recorded no allowance for bad debt as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. There were no impairment losses on accounts receivable for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and June 30, 2017.

 

The Company recorded an allowance of approximately $9.3 million and $8.9 million for expected sales discounts, related to prompt pay discounts and contractual fee for service arrangements, to wholesalers and distributors as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

 

There were no contract assets or liabilities recorded as of January 1, 2018 or June 30, 2018.

 

Cost of Product Sales

 

The cost of product sales consists primarily of materials, third-party manufacturing costs, freight and distribution costs, allocation of labor, quality control and assurance, and other manufacturing overhead costs.

 

Research and Development Costs

 

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs consist primarily of: employee-related expenses, including salaries and benefits; share-based compensation expense; expenses incurred under agreements with CROs; fees paid to clinical investigators who are participating in our clinical trials; fees paid to consultants and other vendors that conduct the Company’s clinical trials; the cost of acquiring and manufacturing clinical trial materials; the cost of manufacturing materials used in process validation, but only to the extent that those materials are manufactured prior to receiving regulatory approval and are not expected to be sold commercially; facilities costs that do not have an alternative future use; related depreciation and other allocated expenses; license fees for, and milestone payments related to in-licensed products and technologies; and costs associated with animal testing activities and regulatory approvals.

 

Advertising Expense

 

Advertising expense includes costs of promotional materials and activities, such as marketing materials, marketing programs and speaker programs. The costs of the Company’s advertising efforts are expensed as incurred. The Company incurred approximately $11.1 million and $19.0 million in advertising costs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and approximately $9.8 million and $16.5 million in advertising costs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively. These expenses are recorded in the selling, general and administrative expense line item.

 

Share-Based Compensation

 

Employee share-based compensation is measured based on the estimated fair value as of the grant date. The grant date fair value is calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which requires the use of subjective assumptions, including stock volatility, expected term, risk-free rate, and the fair value of the underlying common stock. The Company recognizes expense using the straight-line method.

 

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The Company records the expense for stock option grants to non-employees based on the estimated fair value of the stock option using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of awards to non-employees is re-measured at each reporting period. As a result, stock compensation expense for non-employee awards with vesting is affected by subsequent changes in the fair value of the Company’s common stock, with those changes recorded in the relevant period.

 

Income Taxes

 

The Company utilizes the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax reporting bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. When appropriate, valuation allowances are established to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized.

 

The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions in its consolidated financial statements when it is more-likely-than-not that the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Such tax positions must initially and subsequently be measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority, assuming full knowledge of the position and relevant facts. The Company’s policy is to recognize any interest and penalties related to income taxes as income tax expense in the relevant period.

 

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

 

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2018

 

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” and has subsequently issued a number of amendments to ASU 2014-09, which provides a comprehensive model to be used in the accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance.

 

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” and all the related amendments (the New Revenue Standard) using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which had not been completed as of January 1, 2018. The Company recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying the New Revenue Standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings.

 

The Company recorded a decrease of $2.3 million to the accumulated deficit of January 1, 2018 due to the cumulative impact of adopting the New Revenue Standard. The decrease resulted from the acceleration of both up-front licensing fees from license and collaboration agreements and the acceleration of royalties from sales of licensed product. Under the New Revenue Standard, up-front licensing fees will be recognized when the license is delivered to the customer and royalties from the sale of licensed product will be recognized as the underlying sales of product occur by the licensee. There were no changes in the timing of revenue recognition related to net product sales.

 

The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods, in thousands of dollars:

 

 

 

December 31, 2017

 

Adjustments

 

January 1, 2018

 

 

 

As Reported

 

(unaudited)

 

(unaudited)

 

Accounts receivable, net

 

$

65,586

 

$

1,620

 

$

67,206

 

Deferred licensing revenue

 

287

 

(287

)

 

Deferred licensing revenue, net of current portion

 

1,149

 

(1,149

)

 

Deferred income taxes (asset)

 

20,843

 

(734

)

20,109

 

Accumulated deficit

 

26,823

 

(2,322

)

24,501

 

 

Adoption of the New Revenue Standard had no material impact on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets or statements of earnings and had no impact on cash from or used in total operating, investing or financing activities on the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows.

 

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In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, “Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting,” which clarifies when to account for a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award as a modification. Under the new guidance, modification accounting is required only if the fair value, the vesting conditions, or the classification of the award (as equity or liability) changes as a result of the change in terms or conditions. ASU 2017-09 is effective for all annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, “Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments.” The standard eliminates diversity in the practice of how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows under Topic 230, Statement of Cash Flows, and other Topics. ASU 2016-15 is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods therein, beginning after December 15, 2017. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

 

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842).” The standard requires a lessee to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for leases with lease terms greater than 12 months. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact that adopting this new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements. The Company expects the ASU to have a material impact on its consolidated balance sheet due to the recognition of assets and liabilities, principally for certain leases currently accounted for as operating leases. The Company does not expect the ASU to have a material impact on its cash flows or results of operations.

 

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities.” ASU 2017-12 provides new guidance about income statement classification and eliminates the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness. The entire change in fair value for qualifying hedge instruments included in the effectiveness measurement will be recorded in other comprehensive income (OCI) and amounts deferred in OCI will be reclassified to earnings in the same income statement line item in which the earnings effect of the hedged item is reported. This standard will be effective for the first annual period beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact that this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements, but does not expect it to have a material impact.

 

The Company has evaluated all other ASUs issued through the date the consolidated financial statements were issued in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and believes that no other ASUs will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

3.  Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

The fair value of an asset or liability represents the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Such transactions to sell an asset or transfer a liability are assumed to occur in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability. Accordingly, fair value is determined based on a hypothetical transaction at the measurement date, considered from the perspective of a market participant rather than from a reporting entity’s perspective.

 

The Company reports assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value using a three level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. This hierarchy maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:

 

·                  Level 1—Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.

 

·                  Level 2—Inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (interest rates, yield curves, etc.) and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means (market corroborated inputs).

 

·                  Level 3—Unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s own assumptions, based on the best information available, including the Company’s own data.

 

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In accordance with the fair value hierarchy described above, the following tables show the fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are required to be measured at fair value, in thousands of dollars:

 

 

 

Fair Value Measurements at

 

 

 

June 30, 2018

 

 

 

(unaudited)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Significant

 

 

 

 

 

Total Carrying

 

Quoted Prices

 

Other

 

Significant

 

 

 

Value at

 

in Active

 

Observable

 

Unobservable

 

 

 

June 30,

 

Markets

 

Inputs

 

Inputs

 

 

 

2018

 

(Level 1)

 

(Level 2)

 

(Level 3)

 

Assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

$

35,205

 

$

35,205

 

$

 

$

 

Marketable securities

 

139,208

 

1,376

 

137,832

 

 

Long term marketable securities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Corporate debt securities

 

500,173

 

689

 

499,484

 

 

Government debt securities

 

3,139

 

 

3,139

 

 

Other non-current assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Marketable securities - restricted (SERP)

 

356

 

1

 

355

 

 

Total assets at fair value

 

$

678,081

 

$

37,271

 

$

640,810

 

$

 

 

 

 

 

Fair Value Measurements at

 

 

 

December 31, 2017

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Significant

 

 

 

 

 

Total Carrying

 

Quoted Prices

 

Other

 

Significant

 

 

 

Value at

 

in Active

 

Observable

 

Unobservable

 

 

 

December 31,

 

Markets

 

Inputs

 

Inputs

 

 

 

2017

 

(Level 1)

 

(Level 2)

 

(Level 3)

 

Assets: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

$

100,304

 

$

100,304

 

$

 

$

 

Marketable securities

 

39,736

 

2,118

 

37,618

 

 

Long term marketable securities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Corporate debt securities

 

132,477

 

448

 

132,029

 

 

Government debt securities

 

1,161

 

 

1,161

 

 

Other non-current assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Marketable securities - restricted (SERP)

 

335

 

 

335

 

 

Total assets at fair value

 

$

274,013

 

$

102,870

 

$

171,143

 

$

 

 

The fair value of the restricted marketable securities is included within other non-current assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

 

The Company’s Level 1 assets include cash held with banks, certificates of deposit, and money market funds.

 

Level 2 assets include the SERP (Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan) assets, commercial paper and investment grade corporate and government debt securities and other fixed income securities. Level 2 securities are valued using third-party pricing sources that apply applicable inputs and other relevant data in their models to estimate fair value.

 

The carrying value, face value and estimated fair value of the 2023 Notes were approximately $321.9 million, $402.5 million and $491.0 million, respectively, as of June 30, 2018. The fair value was estimated based on actual trade information as well as quoted prices provided by bond traders, which would be characterized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

 

The carrying amounts of other financial instruments, including accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value due to their short-term maturities.

 

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Unrestricted marketable securities held by the Company were as follows, in thousands of dollars:

 

At June 30, 2018 (unaudited):

 

Available for Sale

 

Amortized
Cost

 

Gross
Unrealized
Gains

 

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

 

Fair Value

 

Corporate and government debt securities

 

$

647,253

 

12

 

(4,745

)

$

642,520

 

 

At December 31, 2017:

 

Available for Sale

 

Amortized
Cost

 

Gross
Unrealized
Gains

 

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

 

Fair Value

 

Corporate and government debt securities

 

$

174,235

 

48

 

(909

)

$

173,374

 

 

The contractual maturities of the unrestricted available for sale marketable securities held by the Company were as follows, in thousands of dollars:

 

 

 

June 30,

 

 

 

2018

 

 

 

(unaudited)

 

Less Than 1 Year

 

$

139,208

 

1 year to 2 years

 

165,451

 

2 year to 3 years

 

169,167

 

3 years to 4 years

 

168,694

 

Greater Than 4 Years

 

 

Total

 

$

642,520

 

 

The Company has not experienced any other-than-temporary losses on its marketable securities and restricted marketable securities. The cost of securities sold is calculated using the specific identification method.

 

4. Inventories

 

Inventories consist of the following, in thousands of dollars:

 

 

 

June 30,

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2018

 

2017

 

 

 

(unaudited)

 

 

 

Raw materials

 

$

2,914

 

$

2,995

 

Work in process

 

6,142

 

8,873

 

Finished goods

 

11,624

 

4,436

 

 

 

$

20,680

 

$

16,304

 

 

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5.  Property and Equipment

 

Property and equipment consist of the following, in thousands of dollars:

 

 

 

June 30,

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2018

 

2017

 

 

 

(unaudited)

 

 

 

Lab equipment and furniture

 

$

8,804

 

$

8,331

 

Leasehold improvements

 

2,848

 

2,731

 

Software

 

2,122

 

2,004

 

Computer equipment

 

1,230

 

1,226

 

Construction in progress

 

140

 

178

 

 

 

15,144

 

14,470

 

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization

 

(10,247

)

(9,346

)

 

 

$

4,897

 

$

5,124

 

 

Depreciation and amortization expense on property and equipment was approximately $500,000 and $900,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, and approximately $300,000 and $600,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively.

 

There were no indicators of impairment identified.

 

6.  Intangible Assets

 

Intangible assets consist of patent defense costs, which are legal fees incurred in conjunction with defending patents for Oxtellar XR and Trokendi XR.

 

The following sets forth the gross carrying amount and related accumulated amortization of the intangible assets, in thousands of dollars:

 

 

 

Weighted-

 

June 30,

 

December 31,

 

 

 

Average Life

 

2018

 

2017

 

 

 

 

 

(unaudited)

 

 

 

Capitalized patent defense costs

 

4.5 -8.75 years

 

$

44,546

 

$

44,185

 

Less accumulated amortization

 

 

 

(10,752

)

(8,166

)

 

 

 

 

$

33,794

 

$

36,019

 

 

In March 2017, the Company entered into two settlements with various companies related to Trokendi XR patent litigation. The remaining unamortized aggregate capitalized patent defense costs for Trokendi XR have subsequently been amortized over the remaining useful life of the patents at issue, or January 1, 2023, which is the date the Company is obligated under the settlements to grant a non-exclusive license to the patents at issue.

 

Amortization expense on intangible assets was approximately $1.3 million and $2.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, and approximately $1.0 million and $1.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively.

 

There were no indicators of impairment identified.

 

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7.  Accrued Expenses

 

Accrued expenses are comprised of the following, in thousands of dollars:

 

 

 

June 30,

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2018

 

2017

 

 

 

(unaudited)

 

 

 

Accrued clinical trial and clinical supply costs

 

$

11,810

 

$

6,996

 

Accrued compensation

 

10,302

 

10,279

 

Accrued product costs

 

1,217

 

726

 

Accrued professional fees

 

1,912

 

2,890

 

Accrued interest expense

 

734

 

 

Other accrued expenses

 

3,313

 

6,414

 

 

 

$

29,288

 

$

27,305

 

 

8.  Convertible Senior Notes

 

On March 14, 2018, the Company entered into a Purchase Agreement (the Purchase Agreement) with Jefferies LLC, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Cowen and Company, LLC, as the initial purchasers (collectively, the Initial Purchasers), in connection with the offering and sale of $350 million aggregate principal amount of 2023 Notes.  The Company also granted the Initial Purchasers an over-allotment option to purchase, within a 30-day period, up to an additional $52.5 million principal amount of additional 2023 Notes on the same terms and conditions, which the Initial Purchasers exercised in full on March 15, 2018.

 

On March 19, 2018, the sale of the 2023 Notes was settled and the 2023 Notes were issued pursuant to an Indenture, dated as of March 19, 2018 (the Indenture), between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee.  The Indenture includes customary terms and covenants, including certain events of default upon which the 2023 Notes may be due and payable immediately. The Indenture governing the 2023 Notes does not contain any financial or operating covenants or any restrictions on the payment of dividends, the issuance of other indebtedness or the issuance or repurchase of securities by the Company.

 

The Company will pay interest on the 2023 Notes at an annual rate of 0.625%, payable semi-annually in arrears on April 1 and October 1 of each year, beginning on October 1, 2018. The 2023 Notes will mature on April 1, 2023, unless earlier converted or repurchased by the Company.

 

Noteholders may convert their 2023 Notes at their option only in the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on June 30, 2018, if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s common stock for each of at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter exceeds 130% of the conversion price, or a price of approximately $77.13 per share, on such trading day; (2) during the five consecutive business days immediately after any 10 consecutive trading day period (such 10 consecutive trading day period, the “measurement period”) in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s common stock on such trading day and the conversion rate on such trading day; (3) upon the occurrence of certain corporate events or distributions on the Company’s common stock, as specified in the Indenture; and (4) at any time from, and including, October 1, 2022 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date. The Company will settle conversions by paying or delivering, as applicable, cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at its election, based on the applicable conversion rate. The initial conversion rate is 16.8545 shares per $1,000 principal amount of the 2023 Notes, which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $59.33 per share, and is subject to adjustment as specified in the Indenture.

 

If a “make-whole fundamental change” (as defined in the Indenture) occurs, then the Company will in certain circumstances increase the conversion rate for a specified period of time.  If a “fundamental change” (as defined in the Indenture) occurs, then noteholders may require the Company to repurchase their 2023 Notes at a cash repurchase price equal to the principal amount of the 2023 Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any.

 

The Company may not redeem the 2023 Notes at its option before maturity.

 

In the event of conversion, holders would forgo all future interest payments, any unpaid accrued interest and the possibility of further stock price appreciation. Upon the receipt of conversion requests, the settlement of the 2023 Notes will be paid pursuant to the

 

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terms of the Indenture. In the event that all of the 2023 Notes are converted, the Company would be required to repay the $402.5 million in principal value and any conversion premium in cash, shares or any combination of cash and shares of its common stock (at the Company’s option).

 

The 2023 Notes are the Company’s senior, unsecured obligations and will be equal in right of payment with the Company’s future senior, unsecured indebtedness, senior in right of payment to the Company’s future indebtedness that is expressly subordinated to the 2023 Notes and effectively subordinated to the Company’s future secured indebtedness, to the extent of the value of the collateral securing that indebtedness. The 2023 Notes will be structurally subordinated to all future indebtedness and other liabilities, including trade payables.

 

Convertible Notes Hedge and Warrant Transactions

 

In connection with the pricing of the 2023 Notes on March 14, 2018, and in connection with the exercise of the over-allotment option by the Initial Purchasers on March 15, 2018, the Company entered into separate privately negotiated convertible note hedge transactions (collectively, the Convertible Note Hedge Transactions) with each of the call spread counterparties. The Convertible Note Hedge Transactions cover, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments substantially similar to those applicable to the 2023 Notes, the number of shares of the Company’s common stock underlying the 2023 Notes, as described above. The Company issued 402,500 convertible note hedge options, including options purchased on the exercise of the overallotment option. In the event that shares or cash are deliverable to holders of the 2023 Notes upon conversion at limits defined in the Indenture, counterparties to the convertible note hedges will be required to deliver up to approximately 6.8 million shares of the Company’s common stock or pay cash to the Company in a similar amount as the value that the Company delivers to the holders of the 2023 Notes based on a conversion price of $59.33 per share. The total cost of the convertible note hedge transactions was $92.9 million.

 

Concurrently with entering into the Convertible Note Hedge Transactions on each such date, the Company also entered into separate privately negotiated warrant transactions (collectively, the Warrant Transactions) with each of the call spread counterparties whereby the Company sold to the call spread counterparties warrants to purchase, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments, up to the same number of shares of the Company’s common stock.

 

The Convertible Note Hedge Transactions and the Warrant Transactions are separate contracts entered into by the Company with the Call Spread Counterparties, are not part of the terms of the 2023 Notes and will not affect the noteholders’ rights under the 2023 Notes. Holders of the 2023 Notes will not have any rights with respect to the Convertible Note Hedge Transactions or the Warrant Transactions. The Company issued a total of 6,783,939 warrants. The warrants entitle the holder to one share per warrant at the strike price through 2023. The strike price of the Warrant Transactions will initially be $80.9063 per share of the Company’s common stock (subject to adjustment). The Company received proceeds of approximately $65.7 million from the sale of these warrants.

 

The Convertible Note Hedge Transactions are expected to reduce generally the potential dilution with respect to the Company’s common stock upon conversion of the 2023 Notes and/or offset any potential cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted 2023 Notes, as the case may be, upon any conversion of the 2023 Notes. The Warrant Transactions are intended to partially offset the cost to the Company of the purchased Convertible Note Hedge Transactions; however, the Warrant Transactions could have a dilutive effect with respect to the Company’s common stock to the extent that the market price per share of the Company’s common stock, as measured under the terms of the Warrant Transactions, exceeds the strike price of the warrants. As these transactions meet certain accounting criteria under ASC 815-40-25, the convertible note hedges and warrants are recorded in stockholders’ equity and are not accounted for as derivatives. The net cost incurred in connection with the convertible note hedges and warrant transactions was recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2018.

 

In accordance with accounting guidance on embedded conversion features, the Company valued and bifurcated the conversion option associated with the 2023 Notes from the respective host debt instrument, which is referred to as debt discount, and initially recorded the conversion option of $76.4 million in additional paid-in capital on the consolidated balance sheet. The resulting debt discount on the 2023 Notes is being amortized to interest expense at an effective interest rate of 5.41% over the contractual term of the 2023 Notes.

 

The Company incurred approximately $10.4 million of debt financing costs. Approximately $2.0 million of this amount is allocated to the additional paid-in capital and the remaining $8.4 million is recorded as deferred costs and is being amortized to interest expense over the contractual term of the 2023 Notes.

 

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The liability component of the 2023 Notes consisted of the following, in thousands of dollars, unaudited:

 

 

 

June 30,

 

 

 

2018

 

Principal amount of the 2023 Notes

 

$

402,500

 

Debt discount

 

(76,434

)

Deferred financing costs

 

(8,453

)

Accretion of debt discount and deferred financing costs

 

4,307

 

June 30, 2018 carrying value

 

$

321,920

 

 

No 2023 Notes were converted in the six months ended June 30, 2018.

 

9.  Summary Stockholders’ Equity

 

The following summary table provides details related to the activity in certain captions within Stockholders’ Equity for the six month period ended June 30, 2018, in thousands of dollars:

 

 

 

Common Stock

 

Additional Paid-in
Capital

 

Retained Earnings
(Accumulated Deficit)

 

 

 

(unaudited)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2017

 

$

51

 

$

294,999

 

$

(26,823

)

Cumulative-effect of adoption of ASC 606

 

 

 

2,322

 

Balance, January 1, 2018

 

51

 

294,999

 

(24,501

)

Share-based compensation

 

 

5,703

 

 

Issuance of ESPP shares

 

 

1,184

 

 

Exercise of stock options

 

1

 

8,319

 

 

Equity component of convertible notes issuance, net of tax

 

 

56,215

 

 

Purchases of convertible note hedges, net of tax

 

 

(70,137

)

 

Issuance of warrants

 

 

65,688

 

 

Net income

 

 

 

57,089

 

Balance, June 30, 2018

 

$

52

 

$

361,971

 

$

32,588

 

 

10.  Share-Based Payments

 

Stock Option Plans

 

The Company has adopted the Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (the 2012 Plan), which is stockholder approved, and provides for the grant of stock options and certain other awards, including stock appreciation rights (SAR), restricted and unrestricted stock, stock units, performance awards, cash awards and other awards that are convertible into or otherwise based on the Company’s common stock, to the Company’s key employees, directors, consultants and advisors. The 2012 Plan is administered by the Company’s Board of Directors and the Company’s Compensation Committee and provides for the issuance of up to 8,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Option awards are granted with an exercise price equal to the estimated fair value of the Company’s common stock at the grant date. Option awards granted to employees, consultants and advisors generally vest in four equivalent annual installments, starting on the first anniversary of the date of the grant and have ten-year contractual terms. Option awards granted to the directors generally vest over a one year term and have ten year contractual terms.

 

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Share-based compensation recognized related to the grant of employee and non-employee stock options, SAR, Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) awards and non-vested stock was as follows, in thousands of dollars:

 

 

 

Three Months ended June 30,

 

Six Months ended June 30,

 

 

 

2018

 

2017

 

2018

 

2017

 

 

 

(unaudited)

 

(unaudited)

 

Research and development

 

$

534

 

$

398

 

$

952

 

$

715

 

Selling, general and administrative

 

2,534

 

1,862

 

4,751

 

3,372

 

Total

 

$

3,068

 

$

2,260

 

$

5,703

 

$

4,087

 

 

The following table summarizes stock option and SAR activity:

 

 

 

Number of
Options

 

Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price

 

Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (in years)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Outstanding, December 31, 2017

 

4,280,670

 

$

14.50

 

7.37

 

Granted (unaudited)

 

734,465

 

$

39.84

 

 

 

Exercised (unaudited)

 

(829,518

)

$

10.03

 

 

 

Forfeited (unaudited)

 

(168,816

)

$

24.26

 

 

 

Outstanding, June 30, 2018 (unaudited)

 

4,016,801

 

$

19.65

 

7.52

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2017:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Vested and expected to vest

 

4,280,670

 

$

14.50

 

7.37

 

Exercisable

 

1,952,769

 

$

9.35

 

6.16

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

As of June 30, 2018:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Vested and expected to vest (unaudited)

 

4,016,801

 

$

19.65

 

7.52

 

Exercisable (unaudited)

 

1,947,495

 

$

12.07

 

6.35

 

 

11.  Earnings per Share

 

Basic earnings per common share is determined by dividing earnings attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, without consideration of common stock equivalents. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the earnings attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common share equivalents outstanding for the period. The treasury stock method is used to determine the dilutive effect of the Company’s stock option grants, SAR, warrants, ESPP awards, and the 2023 Notes.

 

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The following common stock equivalents were excluded in the calculation of diluted earnings per share because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive as applied to the earnings from continuing operations applicable to common stockholders for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017:

 

 

 

Three Months ended June 30,

 

Six Months ended June 30,

 

 

 

2018

 

2017

 

2018

 

2017

 

 

 

(unaudited)

 

(unaudited)

 

Warrants to purchase common stock

 

4,362,485

 

 

2,816,135

 

 

Convertible notes

 

66,961

 

 

61,104

 

 

Convertible notes hedges

 

67

 

 

61

 

 

Stock options, stock appreciation rights, and ESPP awards

 

137,565

 

122,666

 

184,760

 

206,448

 

 

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net earnings per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, in thousands of dollars, except share and per share amounts:

 

 

 

Three Months ended June 30,

 

Six Months ended June 30,

 

 

 

2018

 

2017

 

2018

 

2017

 

 

 

(unaudited)

 

(unaudited)

 

Numerator, in thousands:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net earnings used for calculation of basic EPS

 

$

30,737

 

$

17,368

 

$

57,089

 

$

27,665

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest expense on convertible debt

 

 

58

 

 

147

 

Changes in fair value of derivative liabilities

 

 

(23

)

 

(76

)

Loss on extinguishment of debt

 

 

103

 

 

204

 

Loss on extinguishment of outstanding debt, as if converted

 

 

(258

)

 

(321

)

Total adjustments

 

 

(120

)

 

(46

)

Net earnings used for calculation of diluted EPS

 

$

30,737

 

$

17,248

 

$

57,089

 

$

27,619

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Denominator:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Weighted average shares outstanding, basic

 

51,919,894

 

50,530,968

 

51,729,243

 

50,345,830

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Effect of dilutive potential common shares:

 

 

 

 

 

Shares underlying Convertible Senior Notes

 

 

421,708

 

 

551,235

 

Shares issuable to settle interest make-whole derivatives

 

 

4,631

 

 

7,013

 

Stock options and stock appreciation rights

 

2,283,414

 

2,266,407

 

2,292,698

 

2,122,245

 

Total dilutive potential common shares

 

2,283,414

 

2,692,746

 

2,292,698

 

2,680,493

 

Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted

 

54,203,308

 

53,223,714

 

54,021,941

 

53,026,323

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net earnings per share, basic

 

$

0.59

 

$

0.34

 

$

1.10

 

$

0.55

 

Net earnings per share, diluted

 

$

0.57

 

$

0.32

 

$

1.06

 

$

0.52

 

 

12.  Income Taxes

 

The following table provides a comparative summary of the Company’s income tax expense and effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, in thousands of dollars:

 

 

 

Three Months ended June 30,

 

Six Months ended June 30,

 

 

 

2018

 

2017

 

2018

 

2017

 

 

 

(unaudited)

 

(unaudited)

 

Income tax expense

 

$

3,119

 

$

9,057

 

$

7,949

 

$

14,983

 

Effective tax rate

 

9.2

%

34.3

%

12.2

%

35.1

%

 

The income tax expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, is attributable to U.S. federal and state income taxes. The decrease in the income tax expense and the effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the same periods in the prior year is primarily attributable to the reduction of the U.S. corporate income tax rate, from 35% to 21%, as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act passed on December 22, 2017.

 

In addition, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company recorded income tax benefits of approximately $4.4 million and $6.4 million, respectively, as a result of the Company recognizing excess tax benefits related to the employee exercise of stock options. These tax benefits caused the effective tax rate to be significantly less than the Company’s statutory annual effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.

 

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13.  Commitments and Contingencies

 

The Company has concurrent leases for its current headquarters office and lab space that extend through April 2020. The Company may elect to extend the term of the leases for an additional five-year term. The leases provide for a tenant improvement allowance of approximately $2.1 million in aggregate. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, none of the allowance was utilized. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, approximately $49,000 and $79,000 of the allowance, respectively, was utilized. These amounts were included in fixed assets and deferred rent. As of June 30, 2018, approximately $400,000 is available for tenant improvements.

 

The Company has entered into a new lease agreement, effective February 27, 2018, with Rockside-700 LLC, for its new headquarters. The term of the new lease commences upon the Company’s substantial completion of the initial buildout of the premises, but in no event later than July 10, 2019, and shall continue until April 30, 2033, unless earlier terminated in accordance with the terms of the new lease (the Lease Term). Under the new lease, the Company has the option to extend the Lease Term for two additional five-year periods. The new lease provides for a tenant improvement allowance of approximately $8.9 million in aggregate. The Company has the right to terminate the lease if, by September 30, 2018, the landlord fails to obtain certain site approval pre-requisites per the lease agreement. As of June 30, 2018, none of the tenant improvement allowance has been received and the full amount of the allowance is available for tenant improvements.

 

Rent expense for the leased facilities and leased vehicles was approximately $898,000 and $1.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and approximately $500,000 and $1.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively.

 

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases as of June 30, 2018 are as follows, in thousands of dollars, unaudited:

 

Year ending December 31:

 

 

 

2018 (remaining)

 

$

1,715

 

2019

 

3,393

 

2020

 

2,482

 

Thereafter

 

1,014

 

 

 

$

8,604

 

 

The Company has obtained exclusive licenses from third parties for proprietary rights to support the product candidates in the Company’s psychiatry portfolio. Under license agreements with Afecta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Afecta), the Company has exclusive worldwide rights to selected product candidates, including an exclusive license to SPN-810. The Company may pay up to $300,000 upon the achievement of certain milestones, none of which was owed as of June 30, 2018. The Company is obligated to pay royalties to Afecta as a low single digit percentage of worldwide net product sales.

 

The Company has also entered into a purchase and sale agreement with Rune HealthCare Limited (Rune), where the Company obtained the exclusive worldwide rights to a product concept from Rune. There are no future milestone payments due to Rune under this agreement. If the Company receives approval to market and sell any products based on the Rune product concept for SPN-809, the Company is obligated to pay royalties to Rune as a low single digit percentage of worldwide net product sales.

 

14.  Collaboration Agreements

 

In the third quarter of 2014, the Company received a $30.0 million payment pursuant to a Royalty Interest Acquisition Agreement related to the purchase by HC Royalty of certain of the Company’s rights under the agreement with United Therapeutics Corporation related to the commercialization of Orenitram (treprostinil) Extended-Release Tablets. The Company will retain full ownership of the royalty rights if and when a certain cumulative payment threshold is reached per the terms of the agreement. The Company has recorded a non-recourse liability related to this transaction and has begun to amortize this amount to recognize non-cash royalty revenue. Revenue recognition is based on estimated net product sales by United Therapeutics that result in payments made from United Therapeutics to HC Royalty in connection with these agreements. The Company also recognized non-cash interest expense related to this liability that accrues at an effective interest rate. That rate is determined based on projections of HC Royalty’s rate of return.

 

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The Company recognized non-cash royalty revenue of $1.5 million and $2.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and $1.2 million and $2.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively.  The Company recognized non-cash interest expense of $1.2 million and $1.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and $0.2 million and $1.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017.

 

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Table of Contents

 

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is intended to help the reader understand the results of operations and the financial condition of Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the Company, we, us, or our). The interim financial statements included in this report and this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2017 and the related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, both of which are contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 1, 2018.

 

In addition to historical information, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which are intended to be covered by the safe harbors created thereby. These forward-looking statements may include declarations regarding the Company’s belief or current expectations of management, such as statements including the words “budgeted,” “anticipate,” “project,” “estimate,” “expect,” “may,” “believe,” “potential,” and similar statements or expressions, which are intended to be among the statements that are forward-looking statements, as such statements reflect the reality of risk and uncertainty that is inherent in our business. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which are made as of the date this report was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Our actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those discussed in our forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those set forth under the “Risk Factors” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K and elsewhere in this report as well as in other reports and documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission from time to time. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

 

Solely for convenience, in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the trade names are referred to without the TM symbols and the trademark registrations are referred to without the circled R, but such references should not be construed as any indicator that the Company will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights thereto.

 

Overview

 

We are a specialty pharmaceutical company focused on developing and commercializing products for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases.

 

Oxtellar XR and Trokendi XR are the first once-daily extended release oxcarbazepine and topiramate products, launched in 2013 for the treatment of epilepsy in the U.S. market. During 2017, we launched Trokendi XR for the additional indication of prophylaxis of migraine headache in adults and adolescents. These products differ from immediate release products by offering once-daily dosing and unique pharmacokinetic profiles which we believe can have positive clinical effects for many patients. We believe a once-daily dosing regimen improves adherence, making it more probable that patients maintain sufficient levels of medication in their bloodstream to protect against seizures and migraines. In addition, we believe that the unique smooth and steady pharmacokinetic profiles of our once-daily formulations reduce the peak to trough blood level fluctuations that are typically associated with immediate release products and which may result in increased adverse events (AEs), more side effects and decreased efficacy.

 

In addition, we are developing multiple product candidates in psychiatry to address significant unmet medical needs and market opportunities. We are developing SPN-810 (molindone hydrochloride) initially to treat impulsive aggression (IA) in children and adolescents who have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We plan to subsequently develop SPN-810 for the treatment of IA in other CNS diseases, such as autism, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), bipolar disorder, and some forms of dementia. There are currently no approved products in the U.S. indicated for the treatment of IA. We are developing SPN-812 (viloxazine hydrochloride) as a novel, non-stimulant candidate to treat patients who have ADHD.

 

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Table of Contents

 

The table below summarizes our current portfolio of novel products and product candidates.

 

Product

 

Indication

 

Status

Oxtellar XR

 

Epilepsy

 

In the market

Trokendi XR

 

Epilepsy

 

In the market

 

 

Migraine*

 

In the market

SPN-810

 

IA**

 

Phase III

SPN-812

 

ADHD

 

Phase III

SPN-809

 

Depression

 

Phase II ready

 


*                                         Prophylaxis of migraine headache in adults and adolescents.

 

**                                  Initial program is for IA in patients with ADHD, with plans to add other indications, such as IA in patients with autism, PTSD, bipolar disorder, and some forms of dementia.

 

We are continuing to expand our intellectual property portfolio to provide additional protection for our technologies, products, and product candidates. We currently have eight U.S. patents issued covering Oxtellar XR and nine U.S. patents issued covering Trokendi XR, with the patents expiring no earlier than 2027 for each product.

 

Commercial Products

 

Trokendi XR

 

Trokendi XR, the first once-daily extended release topiramate product indicated for patients with epilepsy in the U.S. market, is designed to improve patient adherence over the current immediate release products, which must be taken multiple times per day. In 2017, we launched Trokendi XR for prophylaxis of migraine headache in adults and adolescents.

 

Oxtellar XR

 

Oxtellar XR is the only once-daily extended release oxcarbazepine product indicated for the treatment of patients with epilepsy in the U.S. as adjunctive therapy. In April 2018, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) accepted for review our efficacy supplement requesting expansion of the current indication for Oxtellar XR to include monotherapy treatment of partial seizures of epilepsy for adults and for children 6 to 17 years of age. We expect a decision by the FDA on this supplement by year-end 2018.

 

Product Prescriptions

 

We expect the number of prescriptions filled for Oxtellar XR and Trokendi XR to continue to increase through 2018 and in subsequent years. Data from IQVIA (formerly Intercontinental Marketing Services (IMS)) shows that 415,719 total prescriptions were filled for both of these drugs during the six months ended June 30, 2018, which is 42% higher than the 293,201 prescriptions reported for the same prior year period.

 

Total prescriptions for Trokendi XR increased by 52,963 or 43% in the second quarter of 2018 over the second quarter of 2017. Total prescriptions for Oxtellar XR increased by 3,321 or 10% in the second quarter of 2018 over the second quarter of 2017.

 

Patents

 

We are in litigation against TWi Pharmaceuticals, Inc. alleging infringement of some of our Orange Book listed Oxtellar XR patents. In August 2017, we prevailed against TWi in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey. TWi has appealed the decision to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. (See Part II, Item 1—Legal Proceedings for additional information.)

 

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Table of Contents

 

Product Candidates

 

SPN-810

 

We are developing SPN-810 as a novel treatment for IA in children and adolescents who have ADHD. SPN-810 has been granted fast-track designation by the FDA. One of our Phase III clinical trials (P301) is being conducted under a Special Protocol Assessment (SPA) with the FDA, using a novel measurement scale developed by us. We initiated two Phase III clinical trials in 2015 (P301 and P302) in children, using the same trial design and the same novel measurement scale except that under the SPA, an interim analysis was conducted in the first trial when one-half of the patients (146 patients) reached randomization. The purpose of the interim analysis was to assess the efficacy of the doses being tested and to allow for optimization of the trial design of both trials.

 

The interim analysis was completed and both trials will continue through completion. The results of the interim analysis led to our discontinuing the 18 mg dose arm. Moving forward, all patients in each of the two trials are randomized to either the 36 mg dose arm or placebo until the predetermined total number of patients are enrolled in each of the two trials. We expect patient enrollment to continue through 2018. The Company anticipates data from the P301 trial will be available by the first quarter of 2019 and data from the P302 trial will be available in mid-2019. Patients completing the Phase III trials can continue treatment under our open label extension trial.

 

Patient screening has been initiated in a Phase III trial for SPN-810 treating IA in adolescents who have ADHD.

 

SPN-812

 

SPN-812 is being developed as a novel non-stimulant treatment for ADHD. During 2016, we completed a Phase IIb dose ranging trial and announced positive topline results. We initiated four Phase III clinical trials for SPN-812 in September of 2017. The program consists of four three-arm, placebo-controlled trials: P301 and P302 trials in patients 6-11 years old, and P303 and P304 trials in adolescent patients. Patient enrollment is complete in in the P301 trial. Data from this trial is expected to be available in the fourth quarter of 2018. Additionally, we expect data from the remaining three trials to be available by the first quarter of 2019. Patients completing the Phase III trials can continue treatment under our open label extension trial.

 

We expect to incur significant research and development expenses related to the continued development of each of our product candidates from 2018 through FDA approval or until the program terminates.

 

Critical Accounting Policies and the Use of Estimates

 

The significant accounting policies and bases of presentation for our consolidated financial statements are described in Note 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.” The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses and to disclose contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

We believe the following accounting policies and estimates to be critical:

 

Revenue Recognition

 

Revenue from product sales is recognized when control of our products is transferred to our customers, who are wholesalers and pharmaceutical distributors. Product sales are recorded net of various forms of variable consideration, including estimated rebates, chargebacks, allowances, discounts, patient co-pay assistance and other deductions as well as estimated product returns (collectively, “sales deductions”)

 

We derive our estimated sales deductions from an analysis of historical levels of deductions specific to each product, as well as contractual terms with our customers, managed care providers and governmental entities. In addition, we also consider the impact of actual or anticipated changes in product price, sales trends and changes in managed care coverage and co-pay assistance programs. We adjust our estimates at the earlier of when the most likely amount of consideration we expect to receive changes or when the consideration becomes fixed. For a complete description of Trokendi XR and Oxtellar XR gross revenues and gross to net adjustments, see Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements, Note 2, Revenue from Product Sales.

 

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Research and Development Expenses and Related Accrued Clinical Expenses

 

Research and development expenditures are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs primarily consist of employee-related expenses, including salaries and benefits; share-based compensation expense; expenses incurred under agreements with clinical research organizations (CROs), fees paid to investigators who are participating in our clinical trials, consultants and other vendors that conduct the Company’s clinical trials; the cost of acquiring and manufacturing clinical trial materials; the cost of manufacturing materials used in process validation, to the extent that those materials are manufactured prior to receiving regulatory approval for those products and are not expected to be sold commercially; facilities costs that do not have an alternative future use; related depreciation and other allocated expenses; license fees for and milestone payments related to in-licensed products and technologies; and costs associated with animal testing activities and regulatory approvals.

 

Clinical trials are inherently complex and often involve multiple service providers. Because billing for services often lags by a substantial period of time, we often are required to estimate and accrue a significant portion of our clinical expenses. This process involves reviewing open contracts and communicating with our subject matter expert personnel and the appropriate service provider personnel to identify services that have been performed on our behalf but for which no invoice has been received. We accrue for the estimated but unbilled services performed and the associated cost incurred.

 

Payments to service providers can either be based on hourly rates for service or based on performance driven milestones. When accruing clinical expenses, we estimate the time period over which services will be performed during the life of the entire clinical program, the total cost of the program, and the level of effort to be expended in each intervening period. To the maximum extent possible, we work with each service provider to obtain an estimate for incurred but unbilled services as of the end of the calendar quarter, including estimates for payments to site investigators.

 

We work diligently to minimize, if not eliminate, estimates based solely on company generated calculations. If the service provider underestimates or overestimates the cost associated with a trial or service at any given point in time, adjustments to research and development expenses may be necessary in future periods. Historically, our estimated accrued clinical expenses have closely approximated actual expense incurred.

 

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Results of Operations

 

Comparison of the three months ended June 30, 2018 and June 30, 2017

 

 

 

Three Months ended June 30,

 

Increase/

 

 

 

2018

 

2017

 

(decrease)

 

 

 

(unaudited, in thousands)

 

Revenue

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net product sales

 

$

97,030

 

$

73,328

 

23,702

 

Royalty revenue

 

1,758

 

1,179

 

579

 

Licensing revenue

 

750

 

1,322

 

(572

)

Total revenue

 

99,538

 

75,829

 

 

 

Costs and expenses

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cost of product sales

 

3,683

 

3,861

 

(178

)

Research and development

 

20,038

 

10,823

 

9,215

 

Selling, general and administrative

 

40,097

 

35,078

 

5,019

 

Total costs and expenses

 

63,818

 

49,762

 

 

 

Operating earnings

 

35,720

 

26,067

 

 

 

Other income (expense)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest income

 

3,664

 

656

 

3,008

 

Interest expense

 

(4,324

)

(58

)

4,266

 

Interest expense-nonrecourse liability related to sale of future royalties

 

(1,204

)

(160

)

1,044

 

Changes in fair value of derivative liabilities

 

 

23

 

(23

)

Loss on extinguishment of debt

 

 

(103

)

(103

)

Total other expenses

 

(1,864

)

358

 

 

 

Earnings before income taxes

 

33,856

 

26,425

 

 

 

Income tax expense

 

3,119

 

9,057

 

(5,938

)

Net earnings

 

$

30,737

 

$

17,368

 

 

 

 

Net Product Sales.  The increase in net product sales from 2017 to 2018 is primarily driven by increased prescription volume generated by the launch of the migraine indication for Trokendi XR in April 2017. Price increases in 2017 and 2018 also contributed to the increase in net product sales. Net product sales are based on gross revenue from shipments to wholesalers and distributors, less estimates for discounts, rebates, allowances, returns and other sales deductions.

 

The table below lists our net product sales by product, in thousands.

 

 

 

Net Product Sales

 

 

 

 

 

Three Months ended June 30,

 

Change in Net Product

 

 

 

2018

 

2017

 

Sales (%)

 

 

 

(unaudited)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Trokendi XR

 

$

76,474

 

$

55,989

 

36.6

%

Oxtellar XR

 

20,556

 

17,339

 

18.6

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

 

$

97,030

 

$

73,328

 

32.3

%

 

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Royalty Revenue. Royalty revenue includes royalty from net product sales of Shire Plc’s (Shire) product, Mydayis, and non-cash royalty revenue from the Healthcare Royalty Partners III, L.P. (HC Royalty) agreement. Non-cash royalty revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $1.5 million and $1.2 million, respectively. The increase is primarily due to increased non-cash royalty revenue as a result of increased sales of Orenitram.

 

Licensing Revenue. There was $750,000 in milestone revenue earned during the three months ended June 30, 2018. Total licensing revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2017 was $1.3 million. The decrease from prior year is primarily due to the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard, Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606, which resulted in accelerated amortization of previously deferred up-front license revenue. The impact of the adoption was recorded as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in 2018.

 

Cost of Product Sales. Cost of product sales during the three months ended June 30, 2018 was $3.7 million, a decrease of approximately $200,000 as compared to $3.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017. The quarter over quarter decrease is attributable primarily to manufacturing efficiencies, partially offset by higher unit volume.

 

Research and Development Expense.  Research and development (R&D) expenses during the three months ended June 30, 2018 were $20.0 million as compared to $10.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017, an increase of $9.2 million. This increase is primarily due to the initiation of the four Phase III clinical trials for SPN-812, ongoing patient recruitment for the Phase III trials for SPN-810, and their related open label extension trials.

 

The table below shows the comparison of selling and marketing and general and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017:

 

 

 

Selling, General and Administrative Expense

 

 

 

 

 

Three Months ended June 30,

 

 

 

 

 

2018

 

2017

 

Change (%)

 

 

 

(unaudited, in thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Selling and Marketing

 

$

31,421

 

$

27,766

 

13.2

%

General and Administrative

 

8,676

 

7,312

 

18.7

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

 

$

40,097

 

$

35,078

 

14.3

%

 

Selling and Marketing.  Selling and marketing expenses increased by approximately $3.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to 2017.  Approximately $1.4 million of the total increase is due to increased compensation, benefits and other employee-related expenses associated with increased headcount in our field salesforce and headcount related expenses. In addition, approximately $2.0 million of the total increase is due to increased expenses for promotional and marketing programs, speaker programs, and consulting services to support our commercial products, particularly the migraine indication for Trokendi XR.

 

General and Administrative.  General and administrative expenses (G&A) increased by $1.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to 2017. Of this total, approximately $1.0 million is due to increased compensation, benefits and other employee-related expenses associated with increased administrative headcount, and approximately $300,000 is due to an increase in patent amortization expense.

 

Interest Income. For the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, we recognized $3.7 million and approximately $700,000, respectively, of interest income earned on our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities. The increase is primarily attributable to an increase in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities holdings year over year and the net proceeds from the issuance of $402.5 million of 0.625% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023 (2023 Notes).

 

Interest Expense.  Interest expense was $4.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to approximately $58,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2017. The increase of $4.3 million was primarily due to the interest on the 2023 Notes, which were issued in 2018. Of the increase, non-cash interest expense from the amortization of deferred financing costs on the 2023 Notes was $3.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018.

 

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Interest Expense—Non-recourse Liability Related to Sale of Future Royalties. Non-cash interest expense related to our non-recourse royalty liability was $1.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to $200,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2017. The increase of $1.0 million for this non-cash expense was primarily due to changes in the projection of future royalties on Orenitram and the liability amortization term as a result of a favorable settlement of patent litigation for United Therapeutics.

 

Changes in Fair Value of Derivative Liability.  The “make-whole fundamental change” provision in the Indenture governing the 7.5% Convertible Senior Secured Notes due 2019 (2019 Notes) expired in May 2017. For the three months ended June 30, 2017, we recognized a non-cash gain of approximately $23,000 related to a change in the estimated fair value of the interest make-whole derivative liability of the 2019 Notes.

 

Loss on Extinguishment of Debt.  There were no 2023 Notes converted in the three months ended June 30, 2018. For the three months ended June 30, 2017, we recognized a non-cash loss on extinguishment of debt of approximately $100,000 related to the conversion of $2.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 2019 Notes.

 

Income Tax.  For the three months ended June 30, 2018, we recorded $3.1 million of income tax expense, a decrease of $5.9 million as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017 is primarily due to the reduction of the U.S. corporate income tax rate from, 35% to 21%, as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act passed on December 22, 2017 and the $4.4 million tax benefit from the exercise of employee stock options.

 

Net Earnings.  Net earnings for the three months ended June 30, 2018 were $30.7 million, compared to net earnings of $17.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2017, an increase of $13.3 million. This increase was primarily due to the revenue generated from our two commercial products, Trokendi XR and Oxtellar XR, and lower income tax expense, partially offset by an increase in R&D and SG&A spending.

 

Comparison of the six months ended June 30, 2018 and June 30, 2017

 

 

 

Six Months ended June 30,

 

Increase/ 

 

 

 

2018

 

2017

 

(decrease)

 

 

 

(unaudited, in thousands)

 

 

 

Revenues:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net product sales

 

$

186,150

 

$

129,697

 

56,453

 

Royalty revenue

 

3,067

 

2,328

 

739

 

Licensing revenue

 

750

 

1,380

 

(630

)

Total revenues

 

189,967

 

133,405

 

 

 

Costs and expenses

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cost of product sales

 

6,961

 

6,809

 

152

 

Research and development

 

38,946

 

20,425

 

18,521

 

Selling, general and administrative

 

76,946

 

63,316

 

13,630

 

Total costs and expenses

 

122,853

 

90,550

 

 

 

Operating income

 

67,114

 

42,855

 

 

 

Other income (expense)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest income

 

4,870

 

1,187

 

3,683

 

Interest expense

 

(5,041

)

(147

)

4,894

 

Interest expense-nonrecourse liability related to sale of future royalties

 

(1,905

)

(1,119

)

786

 

Changes in fair value of derivative liabilities

 

 

76

 

(76

)

Loss on extinguishment of debt

 

 

(204

)

(204

)

Total other expenses

 

(2,076

)

(207

)

 

 

Earnings before income taxes

 

65,038

 

42,648

 

 

 

Income tax expense

 

7,949

 

14,983

 

(7,034

)

Net earnings

 

$

57,089

 

$

27,665

 

 

 

 

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Net Product Sales.  The increase in net product sales from 2017 to 2018 is primarily driven by increased prescription volume generated by the migraine indication for Trokendi XR. Price increases in 2017 and 2018 also contributed to the increase in net product sales. Net product sales are based on gross revenue from shipments to wholesalers and distributors, less estimates for discounts, rebates, allowances, returns and other sales deductions.

 

The table below lists our net product sales by product, in thousands.

 

 

 

Net Product Sales

 

 

 

 

 

Six Months ended June 30,

 

Change in Net Product

 

 

 

2018

 

2017

 

Sales (%)

 

 

 

(unaudited)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Trokendi XR

 

$

147,029

 

$

97,998

 

50.0

%

Oxtellar XR

 

39,121

 

31,699

 

23.4

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

 

$

186,150

 

$

129,697

 

43.5

%

 

Royalty Revenue. Royalty revenue includes royalty from net product sales of Shire’s product, Mydayis, and non-cash royalty from the HC Royalty agreement. Non-cash royalty revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $2.8 million and $2.3 million, respectively. The increase is primarily due to increased non-cash royalty revenue as a result of increased sales of Orenitram.

 

Licensing Revenue. There was $750,000 in milestone revenue earned during the six months ended June 30, 2018. Total licensing revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2017 was $1.4 million. The decrease from prior year is primarily due to the adoption of ASC 606, which resulted in accelerated amortization of previously deferred up-front license revenue. The impact of the adoption was recorded as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in 2018.

 

Cost of Product Sales. Cost of product sales during the six months ended June 30, 2018 was $7.0 million, an increase of approximately $200,000 as compared to $6.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017. The period over period increase is attributable primarily to increased product unit volume, partially offset by manufacturing efficiencies.

 

Research and Development Expense.  R&D expenses during the six months ended June 30, 2018 were $38.9 million as compared to $20.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017, an increase of $18.5 million. This increase is primarily due to the initiation of the four Phase III clinical trials for SPN-812, ongoing patient recruitment for the Phase III trials for SPN-810, and their related open label extension trials.

 

The table below shows the comparison of selling and marketing and general and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017:

 

 

 

Selling, General and Administrative Expense

 

 

 

 

 

Six Months ended June 30,

 

 

 

 

 

2018

 

2017

 

Change (%)

 

 

 

(unaudited, in thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Selling and Marketing

 

$

59,015

 

$

49,676

 

18.8

%

General and Administrative

 

17,931

 

13,640

 

31.5

%